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DUSP1 Gene Polymorphisms Are Associated with Obesity-Related Metabolic Complications among Severely Obese Patients and Impact on Gene Methylation and Expression
F. Guénard,L. Bouchard,A. Tchernof,Y. Deshaies,F. S. Hould,S. Lebel,P. Marceau,L. Pérusse,M. C. Vohl
International Journal of Genomics , 2013, DOI: 10.1155/2013/609748
Abstract: The DUSP1 gene encodes a member of the dual-specificity phosphatase family previously identified as being differentially expressed in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) of severely obese men with versus without the metabolic syndrome. Objective. To test the association between DUSP1 polymorphisms, obesity-related metabolic complications, gene methylation, and expression levels in VAT. Methods. The DUSP1 locus and promoter region were sequenced in 25 individuals. SNPs were tested for association with obesity-related complications in a cohort of more than 1900 severely obese individuals. The impact of SNPs on methylation levels of 36 CpG sites and correlations between DNA methylation and gene expression levels in VAT were computed in a subset of 14 samples. Results. Heterozygotes for rs881150 had lower HDL-cholesterol levels (HDL-C; ), and homozygotes for the minor allele of rs13184134 and rs7702178 had increased fasting glucose levels ( and 0.01, resp.). rs881150 was associated with methylation levels of CpG sites located ~1250？bp upstream the transcription start site. Methylation levels of 4 CpG sites were inversely correlated with DUSP1 gene expression. Conclusion. These results suggest that DUSP1 polymorphisms modulate plasma glucose and HDL-C levels in obese patients possibly through alterations of DNA methylation and gene expression levels. 1. Introduction Obesity in adults and in adolescents significantly increases the risk for several chronic diseases including cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) [1, 2]. Excess accumulation of fat inside the abdominal cavity (visceral adipose tissue: VAT) is associated with altered insulin sensitivity, blood pressure (BP), and plasma lipid profile [3, 4]. Clustering of CVD risk factors including accumulation of abdominal fat, impaired glucose tolerance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension defines the metabolic syndrome (MetS) [5]. Interindividual variability in obesity-related complications is observed. Not all obese individuals develop the MetS, and as much as 20% of the obese population could have normal metabolic parameters even in the presence of extensive adipose tissue accumulation [6]. Our knowledge of the factors involved in the etiology of obesity-related metabolic disturbances, either alone or clustered under the MetS designation, remains largely incomplete, with evidence pointing to a potential implication of immunity and inflammatory processes as well as oxidative stress [7, 8]. There is also strong evidence for genetic components in the development of these perturbations [9]. In a previous
Presence of Heat on an Infinite Plate with a Curvilinear Hole Having Two Poles  [PDF]
F. S. Bayones
Journal of Modern Physics (JMP) , 2015, DOI: 10.4236/jmp.2015.66088
Abstract: In the present paper Cauchy integral methods have been applied to derive exact and expressions for Goursat’s function for the first and second fundamental problems of isotropic homogeneous perforated infinite elastic media in the presence of uniform flow of heat. For this, we considered the problem of a thin infinite plate of specific thickness with a curvilinear hole where the origins lie in the hole is conformally mapped outside a unit circle by means of a specific rational mapping. Moreover, the three stress components σxx, σyy and σxy of the boundary value problem in the thermoelasticity plane are obtained. Many special cases of the conformal mapping and four applications for different cases are discussed and many main results are derived from the work.
Effect of Rotation and Initial Magnetic Field in Fibre-Reinforced Anisotropic Elastic Media  [PDF]
F. S. Bayones
Applied Mathematics (AM) , 2015, DOI: 10.4236/am.2015.65081
Abstract: In this work, we study an analytical procedure for evaluation of the displacement and stresses in fibre-reinforced anisotropic elastic media under effects of rotation and initial magnetic field, and due to the application of the rotation and initial magnetic field. Effects of rotation and initial magnetic field are analyzed theoretically and computed numerically. Numerical results have been given and illustrated graphically. Comparison was made with the results obtained in the presence of rotation and initial magnetic field in fibre-reinforced anisotropic and isotropic elastic media. The results indicate the effect of rotation and initial magnetic field.
Tax Evasion Dynamics via Kinetic Models of Opinion Dynamics  [PDF]
F. W. S. Lima
Theoretical Economics Letters (TEL) , 2019, DOI: 10.4236/tel.2019.97149
Abstract: The socioeconomic phenomena as tax evasion in agent-based community can be studied numerically through the Zaklan model (ZM). The ZM has been con_gured as an excellent tool to control the tax evasion uctuations in communities with agents or individuals that can be considered tax evaders or honest. The dynamic of temporal evolution of the ZM was studied initially via the equilibrium Ising model (IM), non-equilibrium Majority-vote model (MVM) and recently via a three-state kinetic agent-based model. Here, through Monte Carlo simulations, we study the problem of the tax evasion uctuations using a discrete version of the kinetic model of opinion dynamics (BCS) in the dynamic of the temporal evolution of the ZM. Unlike previous models cited here in the BCS model, the interactions between agents occur in pairs. Then, we found that the BCS model is as e_cient as the IM and MVM in controlling the tax evasion uctuations. This control is even better when we use strong punishment values k even for low audit probabilities pa.
Current Outcomes of Laparoscopic Duodenal Switch
Frédéric Simon-Hould,Laurent Biertho,Odette Lescelleur,Simon Biron,Simon Marceau,Stéfane Lebel
- , 2016, DOI: 10.1186/s13022-016-0024-7
Abstract: Biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (BPD-DS) has long been considered as the bariatric procedure with the highest peri-operative and long-term complication rate. However, modern peri-operative care, including laparoscopic and staged-approach, has significantly reduced the complication rate related to this procedure. The goal of this article is to provide an overview of the current outcomes of laparoscopic BPD-DS in a high volume centre
Hybrid Mapping Scheme for Recent Orthogonal FDMA Schemes  [PDF]
F. S. Al-kamali
Int'l J. of Communications, Network and System Sciences (IJCNS) , 2013, DOI: 10.4236/ijcns.2013.63018
Abstract:

Single-carrier frequency-division multiple access (SC-FDMA) and orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems are new orthogonal multiple access systems. They have been adopted in the 3GPP long term evolution (3GPP-LTE). In these systems, there are only two types of subcarrier mapping schemes which are the interleaved and the localized. So, introducing a new subcarrier mapping scheme is an important issue, which is the main objective of this paper. In this paper, a hybrid subcarrier mapping scheme is proposed and examined for the SC-FDMA system. Monte Carlo simulations are performed to compare the performance of the proposed scheme with that of the interleaved and the localized schemes. It is shown that a hybrid scheme provides better performance than that of the localized and the same performance as that of the interleaved scheme and increased robustness to carrier frequency offset (CFO) at the expense of increased envelope fluctuations.

Free Volume in Membranes: Viscosity or Tension?  [PDF]
V. S. Markin, F. Sachs
Open Journal of Biophysics (OJBIPHY) , 2015, DOI: 10.4236/ojbiphy.2015.53007
Abstract: Many papers have used fluorescent probe diffusion to infer membrane viscosity but the measurement is actually an assay of the free volume of the membrane. The free volume is also related to the membrane tension. Thus, changes in probe mobility refer equally well to changes in membrane tension. In complicated structures like cell membranes, it appears more intuitive to consider variations in free volume as referring to the effect of domains structures and interactions with the cytoskeleton than changes in viscosity since tension is a state variable and viscosity is not.
Risk Assessment of Mediterranean Sea Waters on Cooling System of Nuclear Power Plant  [PDF]
M. S. Tawfik, F. S. Tawfik
Journal of Environmental Protection (JEP) , 2019, DOI: 10.4236/jep.2019.106044
Abstract: The study evaluated the impacts such as corrosion and scale formation which may result from, using the once-through pass cooling system of a suggested nuclear power at different selected coastal regions of Alexandria coast. (Abu-Qir, Sidi Kerrir, Estern Harbour, El Max and Sidi Abd Elrhaman). The study had used The Langelier Saturation Index (LSI), which is a measure of a solution’s ability to dissolve or deposit calcium carbonate, which is often used as an indicator of the corrosivity of water. Like the Langelier saturation index, the Ryznar stability index (RSI) is also used to predicate the formation of scale and also the tendency for corrosion due to the concentration of calcium carbonate in the selected water system. Both of the two indexes ((LSI) and (RSI)) had been used to evaluate the internal environmental impact which may be occurred when used once-through pass system is as a cooling method of a coastal pressurized water reactor power plant. The study results showed that the calculated LSI and RSI values for selected regions indicated that, there was a low tendency for scale formation and possibility of corrosion at these selected study areas, so using nickel copper alloys in condenser is recommended to prevent any possibility of attack of corrosion besides the using of chemical treatment method of inlet cooling water system.
A Conservative Pressure-Correction Method on Collocated Grid for Low Mach Number Flows  [PDF]
S. M. Yahya, S. F. Anwer, S. Sanghi
World Journal of Mechanics (WJM) , 2012, DOI: 10.4236/wjm.2012.25031
Abstract: A novel extension to SMAC scheme is proposed for variable density flows under low Mach number approximation. The algorithm is based on a predictor—corrector time integration scheme that employs a projection method for the momentum equation. A constant-coefficient Poisson equation is solved for the pressure following both the predictor and corrector steps to satisfy the continuity equation at each time step. The proposed algorithm has second order centrally differenced convective fluxes with upwinding based on Cell Peclet number while diffusive flux are viscous fourth order accurate. Spatial discretization is performed on a collocated grid system that offers computational simplicity and straight forward extension to curvilinear coordinate systems. The algorithm is kinetic energy preserving. Further in this paper robustness and accuracy are demonstrated by performing test on channel flow with non-Boussinesq condition on different temperature ratios.
Effect of Concentration on the Optical and Solid State Properties of ZnO Thin Films Deposited by Aqueous Chemical Growth (ACG) Method  [PDF]
S. L. Mammah, F. E. Opara, F. B. Sigalo, S. C. Ezugwu, F. I. Ezema
Journal of Modern Physics (JMP) , 2012, DOI: 10.4236/jmp.2012.39124
Abstract: Thin films of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) having different concentrations were deposited using the Aqueous Chemical Growth (ACG) method. The films were characterized using Rutherford Back Scattering (RBS) spectroscopy for chemical composition and thickness, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) for crystallographic structure, a UV-VIS spectrophotometer for the analysis of the optical and solid state properties which include spectral absorbance, transmittance, reflectance, refractive index, direct band gap, real and imaginary dielectric constants, absorption and extinction coefficients and a photomicroscope for photomicrographs. The average deposited film thickness was 100 nm. The results indicate that the values of all the optical and solid state properties investigated vary directly with concentration except transmittance which is the reverse. Thus, the optical and solid state properties of ZnO thin film deposited by the Acqueous Chemical Growth method can be tuned by deliberately controlling the concentration of the precursors for various optoelectronic applications including its application as absorber layer in solar cells.
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